Toxicity prediction

Ames test is a simple method to test mutagenicity of a compound, which is suggested by Dr. Ames. It uses several strains of the bacterium Salmonella typhimurium that carry mutations in genes involved in histidine synthesis, so that they require histidine for growth. The variable being tested is the mutagen’s ability to cause a reversion to growth on a histidine-free medium. [Bruce N. Ames, E. G. Gurney, James A. Miller, and H. Bartsch (1973). “Carcinogens as Frameshift Mutagens: Metabolites and Derivatives of 2-acetylaminofluorene and other Aromatic Amine Carcinogens”. PNAS 69: 3128-213]  [ Ames,B.N. et al. PNAS. 1972, 69, 3128. ]

PreADMET predicts toxicity to TA98, TA100 and TA1535 which are often used in Ames test. And the result can be calculated both with consideration of metabolite (Metabolic activation by rat liver 10% homogenate, +S9) and without consideration of metabolite. (No metabolic activation, -S9) The actual value of the prediction result is “positive” or “negative”.

Carcinogenicity is a toxicity that causes cancer in body. Generally carcinogenicity test requires long time (usually 2 years), currently only in vivo test methods are established. Usually the test uses mice or rats, exposing them to a compound. And the variable to be observed is existence of cancer. PreADMET predicts the result from its model, which is built from the data of NTP (National Toxicology Program) and US FDA, which are the results of the in vivo carcinogenicity tests of mice and rats for 2 years.